Hernia surgery

HERNIA

A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weakened area of muscle. It often appears as a visible bulge, especially during standing, lifting, or straining. While not always dangerous, hernias can worsen over time and may require timely surgical correction to prevent complications.

Common Types of Hernias

Symptoms to Watch For

• Visible or palpable bulge
• Pain or heaviness in the affected area
• Discomfort while lifting, bending, or coughing
• Nausea or vomiting (warning sign of obstruction or strangulation)
• When Surgery Is Recommended
• Surgery becomes necessary when:
• The hernia causes persistent pain
• The size increases over time
• There is risk of obstruction or strangulation
• Daily activities are affected

Timely correction prevents serious complications.

Surgical Options

1. Laparoscopic Hernia Repair

• Small keyhole incisions
• Minimal pain and faster recovery
• Mesh reinforcement commonly used
• Quicker return to normal activities

2. Open Hernia Repair

• Traditional approach
• Suitable for large or complex hernias
• Mesh or tissue repair depending on the defect

3. Robotic Hernia Repair

• Greater precision with advanced technology
• Enhanced visualization
• Particularly beneficial for recurrent or complex hernias

Post-Surgery Care

Immediate Care (0–72 hours)

• Walk short distances to promote circulation
• Keep the incision dry and clean
• Manage pain with prescribed medications

Short-Term Care (1–4 weeks)

• Avoid lifting >5–10 kg
• Resume light activities gradually
• Wear abdominal support if advised
• Maintain soft, fiber-rich diet to prevent straining

Long-Term Care

• Maintain healthy weight
• Strengthen abdominal muscles gradually
• Avoid heavy lifting without proper technique
• Follow scheduled check-ups for reassurance

Why Early Evaluation Matters

Early diagnosis and treatment reduce the risk of emergency complications and offer a smoother, planned recovery with less downtime.

Complications of a Hernia

1. Incarceration

The herniated intestine or tissue becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back inside the abdomen.

What happens:

• Constant pain
• Swelling that doesn’t reduce
• Risk of reduced blood flow 

This stage is a warning sign that urgent medical attention is needed.

2. Strangulation

Blood supply to the trapped tissue is cut off.

Why it’s dangerous:

• Tissue begins to die
• Severe pain, vomiting, fever
• Can rapidly progress to infection and sepsis

This is a surgical emergency and can be life-threatening if not treated immediately.

3. Bowel Obstruction

A loop of intestine gets blocked within the hernia.

Possible effects:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Inability to pass stools or gas
• Persistent vomiting
• Distended abdomen

Obstruction often requires urgent surgical correction.

4. Infection

Even without emergency complications, a hernia can cause:

• Persistent discomfort
• Difficulty lifting, exercising, or working
• Pressure or dragging sensation
• Over time, the hernia often enlarges, making repair more complex.

6. Enlargement of the Hernia

• The defect in the muscle widens gradually.
• Consequences:
• Larger hernias are harder to repair
• Higher risk of recurrence
• Increased need for mesh or complex reconstruction

7. Skin Changes Over the Hernia

Long-standing hernias can cause:

• Skin thinning
• Discoloration
• Ulceration in severe cases

These signs indicate chronic pressure and poor tissue health.