Varicocele surgery

VARICOCELE

A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins in the scrotum, similar to varicose veins seen in the legs. 

These swollen veins can affect blood circulation around the testicles, causing heat build-up and reduced testicular performance. 

It is a common reason for decreased sperm quality and can contribute to male infertility.

Causes of Varicocele

• Weak or poorly functioning vein valves in the scrotu
• Increased pressure within the veins of the spermatic cord
• Family history or inherited weakness of vein walls

Symptoms

• Dull aching pain or heaviness in the scrotum, especially after long standing or physical activity
• Enlarged or twisted veins that resemble a “bag of worms”
• Reduction in testicular size
• Difficulty in achieving pregnancy due to abnormal sperm count or reduced motility

When Treatment Is Needed

• Persistent pain in the scrotum
• Testicular size difference or shrinkage
• Difficulty in conception related to abnormal semen analysis

Types of Surgery for Varicocele

Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy

Performed through tiny cuts with a camera to locate and block faulty veins
Recovery is faster and discomfort is minimal

Microsurgical Varicocelectomy (Gold Standard)

Performed under a surgical microscope for precise sealing of veins
Highest success rate with the least complications and recurrence

Open Surgery

Done through a traditional incision when other methods are not possible
Longer recovery compared to newer techniques

Which Surgery Is Better

Microsurgical varicocelectomy is preferred due to the best fertility outcomes, minimal complications, and lowest recurrence rates

Laparoscopic surgery is suitable for selected patients where minimally invasive access is preferred

Open surgery is reserved for situations where advanced facilities are unavailable

Benefits of Surgery

• Improves sperm count, motility, and fertility potential
• Reduces scrotal pain and discomfort
• Protects testicles from long-term damage
• Helps restore hormonal balance and testicular health

Recovery After Surgery

• Light daily work can be resumed in 2 to 3 days
• Strenuous exercise should be avoided for 2 to 3 weeks
• Scrotal support may be recommended initially
• Follow-up is needed to check healing and sperm improvement